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Monitoring of dear contamination by organohalogen compounds based xenobiotics
Doušová, Petra ; Stoupalová, Michaela (referee) ; Vávrová, Milada (advisor)
Various animal or vegetable origin bio-indicators are used for the assessment of the environmental contamination. The wild animals were chosen for monitoring of xenobiotic based organohalogen compounds. The district health facility staff collected the samples of wild boars in the territory of Central Bohemia. The controlled substances were isolated from the matrix by an extraction. The extraction was made by a petrolether and then it was purified by a column chromatography. A final cleansing of the extract was made by an acid hydrolysis. The determination of the selected analytes was finished by the method of gas chromatography with an electron capture detector. The results gave us basic information about the wild boar contamination of organohalogen pollutants.
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Vliv návštěvnosti na aktivitu prasete divokého v příměstských lesích
Patáková, Aneta
This study looked at the effect of attendance on the activity of wild boars in suburban forests. The method of photo traps placed in two localities with different levels of human attendance was used to monitor wild boars. Analyzes of the obtained data showed that the locality situated closer to the city was much more used by wild boars than the locality farther from the city. In general, boars were most active in October. Daily activity in both areas was found exclusively at night with a peak before midnight in the case of a locality closer to the city and with a peak in the early morning in a more distant locality.
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Struktura populací prasete divokého (Sus scrofa) a efektivita jejich lovu
Polášek, Tomáš
The structure and quantity of wild boars population estimate future status and it is necessary for right management with wild boars. In two free hunting grounds and game preserve, was in the years 2016-2019 analysis of age structure, sexual structure and weight categories. The analysis of wild boar population was implemented in 18 organise hunts and hunters hunt down 1109 wild boars. Analysis shows still uneven sex ratio in favour of females, and indicates the inefficient management in the category of piglets. In the hunting grounds is also not the right age structure and the overall composition gives the possibility to higher reproduction.
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Analýza parametrů sazenic lesních dřevin z hlediska atraktivity pro prase divoké (Sus scrofa L.)
Petrů, Markéta
Increasing population of wild boar correlate with increasing damage not only on agricultural lands on crops or grasslands, but also in forests. This damage is mainly on new forest tree plantations which in no way contributes to the successful restoration of clearings after the bark beetle calamity and has a negative impact on the economy. This diploma thesis describes possible influences that may affect the plants attractiveness for wild boar and their damage. An inventory of plants damage was carried out on randomly selected areas in the areas of southern, central and eastern Moravia. A series of experiments with plantings was also performed on the experimental area in the Moravský Krumlov game reserve, where the behaviour of pigs towards these plantings was monitored by the analysis of damaged seedlings and also from pictures taken by photo traps. Obtained inventory data showed us that the wild boar preferred containerized seedlings and deciduous tree species however the experimental system planting did not show a preference for the root system. Seedlings damage was demonstrated in the vast majority only by pulling or rooting without damaging the root system. In terms of time the seedlings were most damaged in the first week after planting, then the risk of damage decreased. To reduce the risk of disturbance by pigs on plantings a method of protection against this damage is not known yet, so the most effective solution remains to reduce the population of wild boar in affected areas.
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Zhodnocení kvality přijímané potravy prasete divokého v oboře Soutok, LČR, LZ Židlochovice
Poulíčková, Kateřina
A study evaluating the quality of feed received by wild boar in Soutok game preserve, Forest of the Czech Republic, was carried out in the period from January 2016 to March 2018. The specific feed component occurring in feed were monitored throughout the year. Macroscopic and microscopic methods were used for the qualitative evaluation. Two hundred ninety-four stomach samples were processed using these methods. The plant components accounted for 99 % of the ordinary stomach content, animal components accounted for 1 % respectively. The differences in feed intake between the seasons, age classes and the proportion of feed from supplementary feedings were evaluated. Different ways of feeding depending on the season are proposed in the conclusion of this master thesis.
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Transfer of radioactive environmental load to the population of the wild boar (Sus scrofa) in selected localities of the south-western part of the Czech Republic
KOUBA, František
The contamination of the food chain of wild boar by post-Chernobyl radioactive fallout is a continuing problem in the forest ecosystems of certain localities in the Czech Republic. This study/PhD thesis is therefore focused on the evaluation of the results of radioactive contamination by radiocaesium (137Cs) of meat of wild boar caught in the localities of Novohradské Mountains and Šumava National Park in the period from December 2012 to December 2019. The aim of the work was to evaluate the occurrence of radioactive load in wild board, identification of possible seasonal trends in measured values of 137Cs, as well as possible differences in selected localities, and to evaluate the presence of 137Cs in raw materials of animal origin, specifically from wild boar, as a possible source of contamination in the human food chain. During the monitored period from December 2012 to December 2019, 137Cs content was measured in 1607 samples of wild boar, of which 654 samples were from the Novohradské Mountains in the South Bohemian Region and 953 samples from the Šumava - South Bohemian and Plzeň Region. The threshold value of 600 Bq/kg of the total amount of caesium was exceeded in 763 samples out of the total number of 1607, which is 47.5%. The maximum value of 137Cs activity was 22,540 Bq/kg, the median value was 522,4 Bq/kg and the average value was 1368,2 Bq/kg. Statistically significant differences were found between localities Novohradské Mountains and Šumava National Park. Samples from Novohradské Mountains exceeded the threshold 600 Bq/kg in 238 out of a total of 654 samples (36,4 %) of caught wild boar. In samples from the Šumava National Park, samples exceeded the threshold in 525 out of a total of 953 samples (51,1 %). When assessing the seasonal effect of the measured values of 137Cs activity in caught wild boar, statistically significant differences were detected in the winter period (November - April), when 137Cs activity reached higher values. The average value in the winter was 1674,23 Bq/kg, the median value was 741,87 Bq/kg while in the summer period (May-October) the average value was 1022,69 Bq/kg and the median value was 376,51 Bq/kg. Differences in measured values are also visible when taking into account the seasonality. In the period from December to May (each monitored year) there was a noticeable increase in measured values in the localities of Novohradské Mountains, in contrast, in the locality of the Šumava National Park this seasonality is not reflected. In general, higher measured values of 137Cs activity were shown by samples from localities of closed forest ecosystems with no or minimal share of pastures and agricultural land.
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Influence of singletrails on wildlife distribution in the tourist attractive area of Mariánské údolí (Brno)
Drimaj, J. ; Mikulka, O. ; Kamler, J. ; Plhal, R. ; Homolka, Miloslav
The growing popularity of active movement in nature in the form of an adrenaline experience is the cause of the great expansion of singletrails. New singletrails are still being built with varying degrees of difficulty, and the density is thickening across the entire Czech Republic. This form of leisure time use is closely linked to the forest environment and the animals that occur in it. The cyclist usually moves very quickly along a narrow path through the forest and it is a question of how his disturbance will affect large mammals around the singletrails. For monitoring purposes, we selected four study areas (two with singletrails and two without singletrails) with the presence/absence of hiking paths where we observed the long-term influence of singletrails on the distribution and behaviour of common species of large mammals through animal marks. The results showed that where the roe deer was not disturbed, a balanced proportion of beds (places where the roe deer rested) and marking places (places that the roe deer marked) was recorded. However, in areas with disturbance in the form of tourists, far fewer beds were found than marking places. The presence of singletrails did not play a role in this.
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Opinions of Primary School Students on the Dangers Posed by Selected Mammal Species
Benešová, Šárka ; Andreska, Jan (advisor) ; Hanel, Lubomír (referee)
This thesis builds on my bachelor thesis "Selected mammals in elementary and secondary education". It deals with the opinions of 8th and 9th grade pupils of elementary schools on the dangers posed by selected mammal species. Among the selected species in this work are brown bear (Ursus arktos), wolf (Canis lupus), lynx (Lynx lynx), fox (Vulpes vulpes), dog (Canis lupus familiaris), and wild boar (Sus strofa). All these animals are found in the territory of the Czech Republic. In addition to the perception of dangers posed by these mammals, the thesis also ascertains knowledge of and attitude towards these selected species. The pupils also expressed their opinions about dog breeds and stated whether they currently had a dog, or had had one in the past, and if so, what kind it was. The study was conducted on the basis of a questionnaire survey. Questionnaires were given out at primary schools in areas, where some of the beasts abide (brown bear, wolf, lynx). The work also contains information about individual mammal species that were studied as well as the introduction of the domestic dog, its domestication and an overview of dog breeds. Key words: bear, wolf, dog, lynx, fox, wild boar, breeds
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